Types of courts in Romania: Organisation and jurisdiction
Clear explanation of the Romanian judicial system: district courts, tribunals, courts of appeal, ICCJ. What each court judges and how they are hierarchically organized.
15.03.2026 Updated: 25.10.2026
Court hierarchy
Romania has 4 levels of jurisdiction:
1. District court (Judecătorie)
Over 170 across the country. Handles basic civil and criminal cases.
2. Tribunal
One per county (42 total). Handles complex civil cases and appeals from district courts.
3. Court of Appeal (Curte de Apel)
15 across the country. Handles appeals from tribunals and first-instance administrative cases.
4. High Court of Cassation and Justice (ICCJ)
Single supreme court. Handles cassation appeals and ensures uniform jurisprudence.
General information only; this does not constitute legal advice. Data sourced from portal.just.ro.
Frequently Asked Questions
There are 246 active courts: district courts, tribunals, courts of appeal and ICCJ, according to CSM data.
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