Judgment in absentia in Romania: meaning and how to defend if unaware
Judgment in absentia means the case was decided without your presence, though you were legally summoned. It does not mean automatic loss: the court rules on existing evidence.
19.05.2025 Updated: 24.10.2026
Judgment in absentia in Romania
Under art. 411 NCPC, if a party is legally summoned but absent, the court proceeds without them. Absence does not mean automatic loss: the court examines existing evidence objectively. You may deliberately request to be tried in absentia by written application (art. 411 para. 1 point 2 NCPC). If you were unaware of the case (defective summoning): appeal (30 days from communication), contestație în anulare (for illegal summoning), or reinstatement of deadline (art. 186 NCPC). Monitor cases via portal.just.ro or StatusDosar.ro.
General information only; this does not constitute legal advice. Data sourced from portal.just.ro.
Frequently Asked Questions
Not automatically. The court judges on the evidence in the file. If the claimant failed to produce sufficient evidence, the claim may be dismissed even without your presence.
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