Real estate enforcement in Romania: seizure and forced sale of immovable property
Real estate enforcement pursues the sale by auction of the debtor's immovable property. It is the most complex enforcement type: lasting 1-3 years, involving valuation, advertising and auctions.
Definition
Real estate enforcement in Romania
Under art. 813-870 NCPC, the creditor pursues the forced sale of the debtor's immovable property. Steps: recording the payment demand in the land registry → expert valuation → publication (minimum 30 days before auction) → auction (minimum price = full valuation at first auction; 75% at second) → adjudication (buyer receives title deed) → distribution to creditors by legal priority. The debtor may stop the process by paying in full at any time before adjudication. Compare with garnishment as a faster initial enforcement option.
Frequently asked questions
At the first auction: full expert valuation. At the second auction (if first had no bids): 75% of valuation.
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