What does the procedural stage of a case mean?
Clear explanation of terms like "trial", "appeal", "cassation", "enforcement" — what stage your case is at and what comes next.
Main procedural stages
A court case typically goes through several procedural stages. Here is what each means:
Trial (first instance)
The case is heard for the first time. The judge hears both parties, admits evidence and delivers a judgment.
Appeal
The dissatisfied party can challenge the judgment at a higher court.
Cassation (Recurs)
An extraordinary appeal available in cases provided by law, usually before the High Court of Cassation and Justice.
Enforcement
The case received a final judgment and the winner wants to enforce it through a bailiff.
General information only — this does not constitute legal advice. Data sourced from portal.just.ro, updated daily.
Frequently Asked Questions
At least two: trial and appeal. Some cases also reach cassation, so three courts. Enforcement proceeds separately.
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